USA foreign exchange rate calculation.... Not Yet Published...
Monday, March 31, 2008
Information Economy Report 2007-2008: USA
The Information Economy Report 2008 - Science and technology for development: the new paradigm of ICT, analyses the current and potential contribution of information technology to knowledge creation and diffusion. It explores how ICTs help generate innovations that improve the livelihoods of the poor and support enterprise competitiveness. The report examines how ICTs affect productivity and growth and reflects on the need for a development-oriented approach to intellectual property rights in order to enable effective access to technology. ICT has also given rise to new models for sharing knowledge and collective production of ideas and innovations, known as "open access" models, which often bypass the incentive system provided by intellectual property rights.
Subprime Effect Around the World
The mortgage lenders that retained credit risk (the risk of payment default) were the first to be affected, as borrowers became unable or unwilling to make payments. Major banks and other financial institutions around the world have reported losses of approximately U.S. $170 billion as of February 2008, as cited below. Owing to a form of financial engineering called securitization, many mortgage lenders had passed the rights to the mortgage payments and related credit/default risk to third-party investors via mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO). Corporate, individual and institutional investors holding MBS or CDO faced significant losses, as the value of the underlying mortgage assets declined. Stock markets in many countries declined significantly.
Subprime mortgage crisis: USA
The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing economic problem manifesting itself through liquidity issues in the banking system owing to foreclosures which accelerated in the United States in late 2006 and triggered a global financial crisis during 2007 and 2008. The crisis began with the bursting of the US housing bubble and high default rates on "subprime" and other adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) made to higher-risk borrowers with lower income or lesser credit history than "prime" borrowers.
Subprime lending
Subprime lending (also known as B-paper, near-prime, or second chance lending) is lending at a higher rate than the prime rate. The term "subprime" in mortgage lending refers to loans that do not meet Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guidelines. It may or may not reflect credit status of the borrower as being less than ideal and may not even reflect the interest rate on the loan itself.
Friday, February 8, 2008
The most traded currency pairs in the Forex Market
What are the most common currency pairs traded in the forex market?
Currencies are always traded in pairs in the FOREX. The pairs have a unique notation that expresses what currencies are being traded. The symbol for a currency pair will always be in the form ABC/DEF.ABC/DEF is not a real currency pair, it is an example of a symbol for a currency pair.
There are many official currencies that are used all over the world, but there only a handful of currencies that are traded actively in the forex market. In currency trading, only the most economically/politically stable and liquid currencies are demanded in sufficient quantities. For example, due to the size and strength of the United States economy, the American dollar is the world's most actively traded currency.
A currency can never be traded by itself. So you can not ever trade a EUR by itself. You always need to compare one currency with another currency to make a trade possible.
Here are most traded currency pair symbols used in the Forex Market:
Currencies are always traded in pairs in the FOREX. The pairs have a unique notation that expresses what currencies are being traded. The symbol for a currency pair will always be in the form ABC/DEF.ABC/DEF is not a real currency pair, it is an example of a symbol for a currency pair.
There are many official currencies that are used all over the world, but there only a handful of currencies that are traded actively in the forex market. In currency trading, only the most economically/politically stable and liquid currencies are demanded in sufficient quantities. For example, due to the size and strength of the United States economy, the American dollar is the world's most actively traded currency.
A currency can never be traded by itself. So you can not ever trade a EUR by itself. You always need to compare one currency with another currency to make a trade possible.
Here are most traded currency pair symbols used in the Forex Market:
| Symbol | Full Form |
| AUD/JPY | Australian Dollar vs. Japanese Yen |
| AUD/USD | Australian Dollar vs. |
| CHF/JPY | Swiss Franc vs. Japanese Yen |
| DEM/CHF | Deutsche Mark vs. Swiss Franc |
| DEM/JPY | Deutsche Mark vs. Japanese Yen |
| EUR/CHF | Euro vs. Swiss Franc |
| EUR/GBP | Euro vs. British Pound |
| EUR/JPY | Euro vs. Japanese Yen |
| EUR/USD | Euro vs. |
| GBP/CHF | British Pound vs. Swiss Franc |
| GBP/DEM | British Pound vs. Deutsche Mark |
| GBP/EUR | British Pound vs. Euro |
| GBP/JPY | British Pound vs. Japanese Yen |
| GBP/USD | British Pound vs. |
| NZD/USD | |
| USD/ATS | |
| USD/BEF | |
| USD/CAD | |
| USD/CHF | |
| USD/CZK | |
| USD/DEM | |
| USD/DKK | |
| USD/ESP | |
| USD/FIM | |
| USD/FRF | |
| USD/HUF | |
| USD/ITL | |
| USD/JPY | |
| USD/NLG | |
| USD/NOK | |
| USD/SEK | |
| USD/SGD | |
| USD/ZAR | |
| XAG/USD | Silver vs. |
| XAU/USD | Gold vs. |
There are symbols for other currencies as well, but these are the most commonly traded ones.
The listed currency pairs above look like a fraction. The numerator (top of the fraction or "left" of the / however you want to SEE it) is called the base currency. The denominator (bottom of the fraction or "right" of the /however you want to SEE it) is called the counter currency. When you place an order to buy the EUR/USD, for instance, you are actually buying the EUR and selling the USD. If you were to sell the pair, you would be selling the EUR and buying the USD. So if you buy or sell a currency PAIR, you are buying/selling the base currency. You are always doing the opposite of what you did with to base currency with the counter currency.
The listed currency pairs above look like a fraction. The numerator (top of the fraction or "left" of the / however you want to SEE it) is called the base currency. The denominator (bottom of the fraction or "right" of the /however you want to SEE it) is called the counter currency. When you place an order to buy the EUR/USD, for instance, you are actually buying the EUR and selling the USD. If you were to sell the pair, you would be selling the EUR and buying the USD. So if you buy or sell a currency PAIR, you are buying/selling the base currency. You are always doing the opposite of what you did with to base currency with the counter currency.
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Friday, February 1, 2008
Trading Indices
A Stock market index is a listing of stock and a statistic reflecting the composite value of its components. It is used as a tool to represent the characteristics of its component stocks. Many indices compiled by news or financial services firms are used to benchmark the performance of portfolios such as mutual funds.
Stock market indexes may be classed in many ways. A broad-base index represents the performance of a whole stock market — and by proxy, reflects investor sentiment on the state of the economy. The most regularly quoted market indexes are broad-base indexes comprised of the stocks of large companies listed on a nation's largest stock exchanges, such as the American Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500 Index, the British FTSE 100, the French CAC 40, the German DAX, the Japanese Nikkei 225, the Indian Sensex and the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index.
NASDAQ Composite Index
Dow-Jones Industrial Average
NASDAQ 100 Index
S&P 100 Index
Russell Index
S&P 500 Index
CRB Index
US Dollar Index
FTSE 100 Index
Major Market Index
Comparison of three Major Stock Indices.———= ♣♥♣♥ Feel Free To Comment ♣♥♣♥ =———
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